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Unit Economics Formula

LTV CAC Ratio Formula

The LTV CAC Ratio is a fundamental unit-economics metric that evaluates the profitability of a business by comparing the revenue a customer generates over their lifetime against the cost to acquire them. A healthy ratio indicates sustainable growth and efficient marketing spend.

Bottom Line

The LTV CAC Ratio is a fundamental unit-economics metric that evaluates the profitability of a business by comparing the revenue a customer generates over their lifetime against the cost to acquire them. A healthy ratio indicates sustainable growth and efficient marketing spend.

Best Next MoveRun the Numbers

Customer Lifetime Value Calculator

Calculate CLV, CLV:CAC ratio, and acquisition payback from purchase patterns.

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Formula

Copy the exact expression or work through it step by step below.

LTV CAC Ratio = Customer Lifetime Value / Customer Acquisition Cost

Variables

LCR

LTV CAC Ratio

The ratio of lifetime value to acquisition cost. A ratio of 3 or higher is the common health benchmark; below 1 means you lose money on every customer.

CLV

Customer Lifetime Value

Customer Lifetime Value in currency units: total revenue or gross profit expected from a customer over the relationship. The numerator. Use gross profit for a stricter read.

CAC

Customer Acquisition Cost

Customer Acquisition Cost in currency units: the fully loaded spend to win one customer. The denominator.

Step By Step

  1. 1

    Set the baseline case with the real calculator inputs.

    Avg Purchase Value = $50.00, Purchase Frequency Per Year = 4, Customer Lifespan Years = 3, Acquisition Cost = $100

  2. 2

    Put LTV and CAC on the same basis: either both on revenue or both on gross profit, and both as lifetime totals per customer.

    An LTV of 2,400 against a CAC of 800 keeps both as per-customer lifetime figures.

  3. 3

    Apply the formula and read the first calculator outputs, not just the headline assumption.

    At a 60% gross margin, the calculator lands with clv at 600, margin-adjusted clv at 360, and an LTV:CAC ratio of 3.6.

  4. 4

    Re-run using a gross-profit LTV instead of revenue, since a revenue-based ratio of 3 can fall below the healthy line once costs are removed.

    A 3:1 revenue ratio at 60% gross margin becomes a 1.8:1 profit ratio.

Worked Example

LTV CAC Ratio sample case

Avg Purchase Value

$50.00

Purchase Frequency Per Year

4

Customer Lifespan Years

3

Acquisition Cost

$100

Gross Margin

60%

CLV = $50 times 4 times 3 = $600. Margin-adjusted CLV = $600 times 60% = $360. LTV:CAC = $360 / $100 = 3.6.

The calculator lands with clv at 600, margin-adjusted clv at 360, and an LTV:CAC ratio of 3.6 against the $100 acquisition cost.

Common Variations

Longer and shorter time horizons should be stress-tested before using one base case as the answer.
Scenario variants are useful because fixed assumptions rarely survive contact with real life unchanged.
Use Customer Lifetime Value Calculator to compare the baseline result with one stressed case before relying on a single answer.

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Sources & References

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